Pre-service training
AI-related training before entry into professional practice.

Investigate how pre-service and in-service AI training relate to health-system AI implementation across 50 WHO European Region countries.
AI-related training before entry into professional practice.
AI-related education or professional development for health professionals already working in the system.
Find the primary comparison that remained statistically significant after Holm correction.
Explore how pre-service and in-service AI training were positioned across 50 WHO European Region countries. Switch between training stages, compare the reported distributions, then test what the descriptive data can—and cannot—tell you.
Read the descriptive distribution before looking at statistical tests.
Pre-service: 13 No · 16 Under development · 10 Yes · 11 Don’t know
In-service: 15 No · 12 Under development · 12 Yes · 11 Don’t know
Sort each AIRA item into the construct used by the researchers.
Implementation = use cases. Opportunity = perceived benefits. Barrier burden = obstacles to adoption.
Make a prediction, avoid the multiplicity trap, then identify the pairwise differences behind the main result.
Your answers unlock the next stage of the evidence trail.
Pre-service training × AI Implementation.
Is this significant evidence in the primary analysis?
Separate a supported association from causal explanations and overclaim.
Sort the final statements into what the study knows, suspects, and cannot claim.