Smart canes for the visually impaired represent a significant innovation in assistive technologies aimed at enhancing mobility, safety, and independence. This article provides a systematic overview of the main features, hardware and software components, and functionalities of modern models such as WeWALK and SmartCane. It analyses the advantages of smart canes over the traditional white cane, including obstacle detection capabilities, voice navigation, and smartphone connectivity. Key challenges are also discussed, such as high cost, limited accessibility, and the need for user training. The article outlines future development prospects through the integration of artificial intelligence, computer vision, and compatibility with smart city infrastructure. Ultimately, smart canes are presented not merely as technical tools, but as instruments of social inclusion and empowerment for individuals with special needs.