Bridging Neuroscience and Education: Palliative Care Training for Dementia in Romania versus International Trends

Abstract

Background: Palliative care education (PCE) is increasingly recognized as a public health priority, particularly in the context of dementia and other neurocognitive disorders that place significant burdens on patients, families, and healthcare systems. While international programmes highlight key educational needs and interventions, local adaptations remain scarce in Romania. Objective: This research aimed to (1) synthesise global evidence on palliative care education needs and implemented programmes published in 2024, and (2) assess the emerging educational requirements and psychosocial well-being of healthcare providers and caregivers in multiple Romanian regional centres in 2025. Methods: A scoping review was conducted using PubMed to identify studies published in 2024, including qualitative, quantitative, and umbrella reviews. Fifty-six studies from 33 countries were analysed. Based on identified gaps, a structured questionnaire was designed and applied to 200 participants (physicians, nurses, physiotherapists, psychologists, priests, and primary home caregivers) across Romanian counties such as Călărași , Prahova, Constanta, Iasi, and Brasov. Alongside, participants were evaluated using the Beck Depression Inventory, Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale, and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. Results: The scoping review identified recurrent needs in symptom management, dementia care, communication, caregiver support, ethical decision-making, digital learning, and provider resilience. Programmes showed improvements in knowledge, confidence, and satisfaction but varied widely in scope and implementation. Romanian participants reported high interest in dementia-focused training and communication skills, aligning with global priorities. However, unique challenges emerged, including limited interdisciplinary collaboration and a lack of structured support for home-based caregivers. Screening revealed elevated levels of anxiety and depression among staff, particularly those with frequent contact with dementia patients. Conclusions: Combining international and local perspectives demonstrates that dementia education, caregiver support, and provider resilience are central needs in palliative care education. Tailored, interdisciplinary programmes are urgently required in Romania, both to align with global best practices and to address local gaps, ensuring improved outcomes for patients, families, and healthcare providers.