The Paradox of Digital Validation: Multidimensional Body Image and Social Media Dependence Among Generation Z

Abstract

This study examined associations between social media dependence, exposure to appearance-focused content, and multidimensional body image among Generation Z. A cross-sectional correlational design was used with a community sample of N = 351 students aged 18–20 years. Data were collected via the Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale (BSMAS) and the Body Self-Image Questionnaire – Short Form (BSIQ-SF), alongside items assessing general social media use and time spent on appearance-focused profiles. Inferential statistics (Pearson’s r, Spearman’s rho, Kruskal–Wallis H, independent samples t test) were computed at α = 0.05. Higher social media dependence was positively associated with more problematic body image (r = 0.302; p < 0.001). Subscale analyses indicated that dependence was most strongly related to Social Dependence (r = 0.367; p < 0.001) and Negative Affect (r = 0.299; p < 0.001), and negatively to Overall Appearance Evaluation (r = −0.161; p = 0.003) and Health–Fitness Evaluation (r = −0.118; p = 0.027). No significant association emerged between general time on social media and body dissatisfaction (r = −0.033; p = 0.537). By contrast, time devoted to appearance-focused content correlated positively with body dissatisfaction (r = 0.153; p = 0.004), and group differences by exposure duration were confirmed (χ² = 11.148; p = 0.025). Findings suggest that qualitative features of online engagement—particularly exposure to idealised imagery and appearance-contingent feedback—are more consequential for body image than overall usage time. Implications include targeted media-literacy interventions emphasising critical evaluation of appearance content and support for protective body-image processes in Generation Z.