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BRAINterviews
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Authors:
Ruxandra
Alexandru
Abstract:
Doctor Georgios K. Matis, one of our journal reviewers, is a young Greek resident neurosurgeon with an enviable experience. He graduated high school in 1995 with an impressive academic score of 19.7/20, being the first among his classmates.
BRAINovations
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Authors:
Gloria
Cerasela Crisan
, Camelia
Mihaela Pintea
Abstract:
The Triangulation Problem consists in finding a simultaneous permutation of rows and columns of a given square matrix, so that the sum of the upper-diagonal entries is maximal. The researchers study this problem intensively, as it has major applications in broad domains. A new hybrid Ant Colony Optimization algorithm is introduced. The algorithm starts with a greedy search procedure. It is followed by an improved version of the Ant Colony System mixed with a problem-specific local search.
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Authors:
Horea
Adrian Grebla
, Calin
Ovidiu Cenan
Abstract:
The paper presents a framework for a distributed medical system meant to bring a modern approach and inhance the quality of medical services offered to chronicle patients with cardio-vascular diseases, through the latest IT&C technologies. The proposed system provides online interaction between the main actors of a medical system: patients, doctors, medical entities (e.g. hospitals, clinics) and medical authorities (e.g. social services). With the aid of widely accepted medical standards, the system supplies storage for medical records and offers services for data integration between different kinds of healthcare applications and entities. The proposed ontological approach allows interchange of medical knowledge and best practices with conceptually organized patients’ records. The proposed solution allows computer assisted diagnoses and multi-criteria medical data analysis, with the possible extent of building a data warehouse for complex medical data mining.
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Authors:
Liliana
Mata
Abstract:
The goal of this study consists in analyzing the technological dimension of private life in school. It deals with an observational research on curricula documents and the perception of high school teenagers and teachers of this dimension as developed in the Romanian educational system.
The main objectives of this research aim at: a) the identification of the specific aspects of the technological dimension as reflected in textbooks and school curricula, and b) defining the level of openness of teachers and high school pupils towards the technological dimension of private life.
Firslty, we conducted a content analysis of school documents, taking into account specific themes and categories. Secondly, we conducted a survey that tested the way in which 1456 high school students and 890 teachers perceive the technological dimension of the Romanian educational system. The results are distinguished through frequencies on specific themes structured on technological dimension at the level of school documents, and on opening level of high school pupils and teachers.
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Authors:
Tomasz
Praczyk
Abstract:
Assembler Encoding is a neuro-evolutionary method in which a neural network is represented in the form of a simple program called Assembler Encoding Program. The task of the program is to create the so-called Network Definition Matrix which maintains all the information necessary to construct the network. To generate Assembler Encoding Programs and the subsequent neural networks evolutionary techniques are used.
The performance of Assembler Encoding strongly depends on operations used in Assembler Encoding Programs. To select the most effective operations, experiments in the optimization and the predator-prey problem were carried out. In the experiments, Assembler Encoding Programs equipped with different types of operations were tested. The results of the tests are presented at the end of the paper.
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Authors:
Iolanda
Tobolcea
, Mirela
Danubianu
Abstract:
During the last years, the researchers and therapists in speech therapy have been more and more concerned with the elaboration and use of computer programs in speech disorders therapy. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic effectiveness of computer-based programs for the Romanian language in speech therapy. Along the study, we will present the experimental research through assessing the effectiveness of computer programs in the speech therapy for speech disorders: dyslalia, dyslexia and dysgraphia. Methodologically, the use of the computer in the therapeutic phases was carried out with the help of some computer-based programs (Logomon, Dislex-Test etc.) that we elaborated and we experimented with during several years of therapeutic activity. The sample used in our experiments was composed of 120 subjects; two groups of 60 children with speech disorders were selected for both speech disorders: 30 for the experimental ('computer-based') group and 30 for the control ('classical method') group. The study hypotheses verified whether the results, obtained by the subjects within the experimental group, improved significantly after using the computer-based program, compared to the subjects within the control group, who did not use this program but got a classical therapy. The hypotheses were confirmed for the speech disorders included in this research; the conclusions of the study confirm the advantages of using computer-based programs within speech therapy by correcting these disorders, as well as due to the positive influence these programs have on the development of children’s personality.
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Authors:
Nora
Wiedenmann
Abstract:
In this article’s model—on speech and on speech errors, dyscoordinations, and disorders—, the time-course from the muscle innervation impetuses to the utterance of sounds as intended for canonical speech sound sequences is calculated backward. This time-course is shown as the sum of all the known physiological durations of speech sounds and speech gestures that are necessary to produce an utterance. The model introduces two internal clocks, based on positive or negative factors, representing certain physiologically-based time-courses during the sound preparation period (Lautvorspann). The use of these internal clocks show that speech gestures—like other motor activities—work according to a simple serialization principle: Under non-default conditions,
alterations of the time-courses may cause speech errors of sound serialization, dyscoordinations of sounds as observed during first language acquisition, or speech disorders as pathological cases. These alterations of the time-course are modelled by varying the two internal-clock factors. The calculation of time-courses uses as default values the sound durations of the context-dependent Munich PHONDAT Database of Spoken German (see Appendix 4). As a new, human approach, this calculation agrees mathematically with the approach of Linear Programming / Operations Research. This work gives strong support to the fairly old suspicion (of 1908) of the famous Austrian speech error scientist Meringer [15], namely that one mostly thinks and articulates in a different serialization than is audible from one’s uttered sound sequences.
BRAINStorming
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Authors:
Simina
Branzei
Abstract:
This paper investigates solution concepts for coalitional games. Several solution concepts are characterized, such as the core, Shapley value, bargaining set, stable set, nucleolus, and kernel. We look at recent developments of succinct representations of coalitional games, such as weighted voting games, coalitional resource games, cooperative boolean games, and marginal contribution nets. Existing solution concepts have prohibitive complexity requirements even for very simple classes of games. We discuss an agenda for finding an equilibrium solution concept that is as appealing as the core, but that is tractable and guaranteed to exist.
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Authors:
Gheorghe
Dumitriu
Abstract:
The study presents some approaches to the factors, composition and measurement of human intelligence. Thus, within the psychometric approach, there is clear evidence that intelligence is
more influenced by the genetic heritage of the person than by the cultural heritage of society. The conclusion of some researches on intelligence assessment is that subjects who get high scores in
some specific tasks have the tendency to respond well to the other categories of tests. On the contrary, those who get lower scores or weaker results obtain the same results in the other tests too.
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Authors:
Angel
Garrido
Abstract:
The apparition of Fuzzy Logic has had a double repercussion on scientific research, and has provoked two types of reactions. From a theoretical point of view, it is indeed a very useful
generalization of the classical Set Theory proposed by Boole and Cantor, in this way making possible our analysis of uncertainty. But unfortunately, in his first steps it had to avoid the assaults of routine minds from the often too rigid mathematical field. This situation improved later, especially in nations with less deep-rooted prejudices. And by contrast, the new theory has obtained a strong rooting in nations with new and increasing scientific potential, such as China, Japan, and
South Korea. More recently it has also become rooted in European countries, such Hungary, Spain, and Romania, mainly due to its successful technical applications. We analyze some essential aspects of this new and powerful tool of Mathematical Analysis.
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Authors:
Horea
Adrian Grebla
, Calin
Ovidiu Cenan
, Liliana
Stanca
Abstract:
Academic networks can represent a new model for learning based on knowledge fusion. In the current paper we present an approach to the academic network design that brings together expertise of academic trainers and practitioners, and opens new paths in knowledge distribution. The academic networks that we consider are mathematically modeled and they represent the foundation for the ontological approach to knowledge fusion in such a network.
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Authors:
Bogdan
Patrut
, Ioana
Boghian
Abstract:
This paper focuses on the Cocke, Younger, and Kasami (CYK) algorithm. We present a Delphi application that analyzes the lexicon and the syntax of a sentence in Romanian. We use a Chomsky normal form (CNF) grammar. We will present the source of a Delphi implementation of the CYK algorithm.
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Authors:
Carmen
Violeta Muraru
Abstract:
The paper’s aim is to study old and new problems regarding the Bézier curves, which are important tools in the geometric modelling of shapes. We use the Matlab software to study the
estimation error of fitting data using Bézier curves least square fitting and to find new methods within a study that is currently under development about minimizing the distance between the curve and the approximated data.
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Authors:
Mohamed
Soltane
, Noureddine
Doghmane
, Nourddine
Guersi
Abstract:
This paper presents a comparative analysis of the performance of three estimation algorithms: Expectation Maximization (EM), Greedy EM Algorithm (GEM) and Figueiredo-Jain Algorithm (FJ) - based on the Gaussian mixture models (GMMs) for signature biometrics verification. The simulation results have shown significant performance achievements. The test performance of EER=5.49 % for "EM", EER=5.04 % for "GEM" and EER=5.00 % for "FJ", shows that the behavioral information scheme of signature biometrics is robust and has a discriminating power, which can be explored for identity authentication.
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Authors:
Lisa
Whalen
Abstract:
Humanities and the sciences have long been considered polar opposites that exist in separate realms of academia and require different cognitive skills. However, neuroscience has brought about renewed interest in what we can learn about the human brain by investigating links between disciplines. For example, studies related to English literature have revealed that the benefits of reading narratives (fiction and nonfiction stories) extend far beyond language development and include increased competence in social and emotional functioning. By combining the results of an original dissertation study and a review of past and current research in education, psychology, linguistics, and neuroscience, this essay explores how reading narratives serves as practice for managing emotions and social interactions in everyday life. In fact, several studies suggest that reading narratives strengthens nearly every part of the brain because the brain is designed—or “wired”—to think and learn in terms of narratives, regardless of subject matter. This essay provides several types of support for the claim that reading narratives facilitates social and emotional development. Research discussed includes studies showing that reading narratives is not a solitary activity but “a surprisingly social process” (Krakovsky, 2006, p. 1) and is linked to increased ability to view people and events from multiple perspectives, increased empathy for others, and increased ability to interpret social cues (Atkins, 2000; Courtright, Mackey, & Packard, 2005; Davis, 1980; Greif & Hogan, 1973; Harrison, 2008; Mar, 2004; Mar, Oatley, Hirsh, dela Paz, & Peterson, 2006; Stanovich & West, 1989). Understanding how the brain processes narratives and relates them to real life functioning has important implications for many disciplines, such as psychology, in its attempt to understand and treat post-traumatic stress disorder. This essay, however, focuses on the implications for education. Teachers striving to help students develop the perspective-taking abilities necessary for critical thinking and the empathy necessary to become responsible adults may be more effective if they understand the role narratives play in students’ social and emotional development.
Lecture BRAINotes
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Authors:
Angel
Garrido
Abstract:
The procedures of searching solutions to problems, in Artificial Intelligence, can be brought about, in many occasions, without knowledge of the Domain, and in other situations, with knowledge of it. This last procedure is usually called Heuristic Search. In such methods the matrix techniques reveal themselves as essential. Their introduction can give us an easy and precise way in the search of solution. Our paper explains how the matrix theory appears and fruitfully participates in A I, with feasible applications to Game Theory.
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Authors:
Gheorghe Teofil
Popovici
Abstract:
The current paper presents some psychological-mystical aspects at the Holy Fathers Evagrius Ponticus and Maximus the Confessor.
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Authors:
Elisabeta
Antonia Haller
Abstract:
In a computerized society, the volume of data grows unexpectedly, making their processing time a very difficult task. A priority has become the processing of data in useful information and knowledge. Thus we can say that data mining is a result of technological developments. Interpretation of spatial data has made the subject of research over time, reaching now to have a large variety of instruments and software products for representation and interpretation. What we need to understand beyond the facilities offered by one system or another, proprietary or open source solution, is how they work and interact with spatial data.
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Authors:
Adrian
Jicu
Abstract:
The aim of the present paper is to deal with the relationship between literary criticism and anatomy. To be more precise it will discuss one of Henric Sanielevici’s theories, according to which
the literary text can only be understood by taking into account the color of the eyes, the conformatioan of teeth and size and the shape of the author’s skull.
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Authors:
Iulia
Cristina Timofti
Abstract:
The present study reveals just a glimpse of the possible functions and reactions that the human brain can have. I considered as good examples different situations characteristic both of a normal person and a split-brain one. These situations prove that the brain, although divided in two, works as a unit, as an amazing computer that has data processing as a main goal.
Abstracts in other languages
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Authors:
Bogdan
Patrut
Abstract:
BRAIN. Broad Research in Artificial Intelligence and Neuroscience
CERVEAU. Recherche large en intelligence artificielle et neurosciences
Volume 1, Numéro 2
April 2010: «Joyeuses Printemps 2010!»
www.brain.edusoft.ro
Sous la direction de: Bogdan Pătruț
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Authors:
Bogdan
Patrut
Abstract:
BRAIN. Broad Research in Artificial Intelligence and Neuroscience
AGY. Átfogó kutatás a mesterséges intelligencia és Fiziológiájával és biokémiájával
ISSN 2067 – 3957
1. kötet, 2. szám
Április 2010: Boldog tavasz!
www.brain.edusoft.ro
FÅ‘szerkesztÅ‘: Pătruț Bogdan
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Authors:
Bogdan
Patrut
Abstract:
BRAIN. Broad Research in Artificial Intelligence and Neuroscience
CEREBRO. Investigación Amplia en Inteligencia Artificial y Neurociencia
Volumen 1, Número 2
Enero 2010: ¡Feliz Primavera 2010!
www.brain.edusoft.ro
Editor Jefe: Bogdan Patrut
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Authors:
Bogdan
Patrut
Abstract:
BRAIN. Broad Research in Artificial Intelligence and Neuroscience
CÉREBRO. Ampla pesquisa em Inteligência Artificial e Neurociências
ISSN 2067-3957
Volume 1, Número 2
Abril de 2010, "Feliz Primavera 2010!"
www.brain.edusoft.ro
Editor - chefe: Bogdan Pătruț
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Authors:
Bogdan
Patrut
Abstract:
BRAIN. Broad Research in Artificial Intelligence and Neuroscience
CREIER. Cercetări Ample în Inteligență Artificială ÅŸi NeuroÅŸtiințe
ISSN 2067 – 3957
Volumul 1, Numărul 2
Ianuarie 2010: „PaÅŸte fericit!”
www.brain.edusoft.ro
Editor ÅŸef: Bogdan Pătruț
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Authors:
Bogdan
Patrut
Abstract:
BRAIN. Broad Research in Artificial Intelligence and Neuroscience
CERVELLO. Ampia ricerca in Intelligenza Artificiale e Neuroscienze
Volume 1, Numero 1
Gennaio 2010: Tanti Auguri!
www.brain.edusoft.ro
Direttore Responsabile: Bogdan Patrut
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Authors:
Bogdan
Patrut
Abstract:
BRAIN. Broad Research in Artificial Intelligence and Neuroscience
GEHIRN. Breiten Forschung in der Künstlichen Intelligenz und der Neurowissenschaften
ISSN 2067-3957
Band 1, Heft 2
April 2010: “Frohe Ostern 2010!”
www.brain.edusoft.ro
Chefredakteur: Bogdan Pătruț
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