This is the 4th issue.
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BRAINStorming
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Authors:
Zaki Noah
Hasan
Abstract:
The Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is an acute post-infective autoimmune polyradiculoneuropathy, it is the commonest peripheral neuropathy causing respiratory failure. The aim of the study is to use the New Combined Scoring System in anticipating respiratory failure in order to perform elective measures without waiting for emergency situations to occur.
Patients and methods: Fifty patients with GBS were studied. Eight clinical parameters (including progression of patients to maximum weakness, respiratory rate/minute, breath holding
count (the number of digits the patient can count in holding his breath), presence of facial muscle weakness (unilateral or bilateral), presence of weakness of the bulbar muscle, weakness of the neck flexor muscle, and limbs weakness) were assessed for each patient and a certain score was given to
each parameter, a designed combined score being constructed by taking into consideration all the above mentioned clinical parameters. Results and discussion: Fifteen patients (30%) that were enrolled in our study developed respiratory failure. There was a highly significant statistical association between the development of respiratory failure and the lower grades of (bulbar muscle weakness score, breath holding count scores, neck muscle weakness score, lower limbs and upper limbs weakness score , respiratory rate score) and the total sum score above 16 out of 30 (p-value=0.000) . No significant statistical difference was found regarding the progression to maximum weakness (p-value=0.675) and facial muscle weakness (p-value=0.482).
Conclusion: The patients who obtained a combined score (above 16’30) are at great risk of having respiratory failure.
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Authors:
Rosemarie
Velik
Abstract:
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a branch of computer science concerned with making computers behave like humans. At least this was the original idea. However, it turned out that this is no task easy to be solved. This article aims to give a comprehensible review on the last 60 years of artificial intelligence taking a philosophical viewpoint. It is outlined what happened so far in AI, what is currently going on in this research area, and what can be expected in future. The goal is to mediate an understanding for the developments and changes in thinking in course of time about how to achieve machine intelligence. The clear message is that AI has to join forces with neuroscience and other brain disciplines in order to make a step towards the development of truly intelligent machines.
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Authors:
Ali
Jahangard
Abstract:
The purpose of the study was to formulate a model to predict the performance of Iranian high school third-graders on the End of the Course Achievement (ECA) tests through their performance on the vocabulary tests, which were administered throughout the course. To meet this end, thirty two learners – aging seventeen to nineteen, all male – participated in the study which took nine months to complete. Their linguistic abilities were approximately at Intermediate-Mid level according to the ACTFL proficiency guidelines (1998). The sampling procedure was the intact group method. 333 lexical items were taught to the learners in the decontextualized paired-associate
translation method. The classes were held two hours a week in a nine-month course of time. Six sets of vocabulary tests were administered and every learner’s average was calculated. The learners’ scores on the ECA tests and their average scores on the vocabulary tests were analyzed through the regression analysis procedure to derive a model that could reliably predict the learners’ ECA scores through their average performance on the vocabulary scores. The analysis yielded the following
formula: (AVERAGE VOCABULARY × 0.713) + 2.871± [3.1].
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Authors:
Parviz
Birjandi
, Minoo
Alemi
Abstract:
As an affective factor, test-taking anxiety has been investigated in different contexts in the
past two decades. However, the mixed results of the relationship between test-taking anxiety and
L2 learners’ test performance show that the instrumentation for the assessment of test-taking
anxiety and the factors comprising the construct of test-taking anxiety trait requires more
investigation in order to shed more light on the issue. To this end, a test-taking anxiety
questionnaire (Sarason, 1975) [27] and a general English test were administered to 164 ESP
students of Engineering enrolled in a B.A. program to document (a) the degree of their test taking
anxiety, (b) the relationship between test-taking anxiety and test performance, and (c) the factor
loadings of anxiety based on exploratory factor analysis. The results show that L2 learners’ test
anxiety is rather low, with most of its components having no significant negative correlation with
test performance. The results of exploratory factor analysis reveal the loading of test anxiety trait
on the rather overlapping three factors of specific test anxiety, general test anxiety, and test preparation anxiety. However, out of these factors, general test anxiety, due to its functioning at the higher-order affective level, has a significant negative correlation with test performance. By contrast, test preparation anxiety, in view of facilitating test performance, manifests a positive, albeit non-significant, correlation with test performance. The results have two implications: (a) as the correlations and loadings on test anxiety factors proved to be of both negative and positive types, the anxiety questionnaire is not monolithic and hence it is not a proper measure in case the linear relationship between test anxiety and test performance is the focus of the study; and (b) test anxiety does not seem to much influence on test performance at the micro- test-specific level.
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Authors:
Mohammad
Khatib
, Minoo
Alemi
, Parisa
Daftarifard
Abstract:
Input is one of the most important elements in the process of second language acquisition (SLA). As Gass (1997) points out, second language learning simply cannot take place without input of some sort. Since then, specific issues have been actively debated in SLA on the nature of input and input processing, such as the amount of input that is necessary for language acquisition, various attributes of input and how they may facilitate or hinder acquisition, and instructional method that may enhance input. In this paper, four hypotheses and paradigms of input processing have been described. It is delineated that although the three paradigms of triggering, input hypothesis, and interaction hypothesis have been widely used and accepted, they lack the ability to account for the dynamic nature of language. Affordance, on the other hand, can account for such a nature of language.
Therefore, affordance replaces fixed-eye vision by mobile-eye vision; an active learner establishes relationships with and within the environment. The learner can directly perceive and act on the ambient language without having to route everything through a pre-existing mental apparatus of schemata and representation, while this is not true in the fixed-code theory. In the fixed-eye theory of communication it is assumed that ready-made messages are coded at one end, transmitted,
and then decoded in identical form at the other end. We need in its place a constructivist theory of message construction and interpretation.
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Authors:
Angel
Garrido
Abstract:
AI requires Logic. But its Classical version shows too many insufficiencies. So, it is very necessary to introduce more sophisticated tools, as may be Fuzzy Logic, Modal Logic, Non-
Monotonic Logic, and so on [2]. Among the things that AI needs to represent are Categories, Objects, Properties, Relations between objects, Situations, States, Time, Events, Causes and effects, Knowledge about knowledge, and so on. The problems in AI can be classified in two general types
[3, 4], Search Problems and Representation Problem. There exist different ways to reach this objective. So, we have [3] Logics, Rules, Frames, Associative Nets, Scripts, and so on, many times interconnect. Also it will be very useful, in the treatment of the problems of uncertainty and causality, the introduction of Bayesian Networks and particularly, a principal tool as the Essential Graph. We attempt here to show the scope of application of such versatile methods, currently fundamental in Medicine.
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Authors:
Saurabh
Manro
Abstract:
In this paper, we prove two unique common fixed point theorems for three and four self mappings in symmetric fuzzy metric spaces.
Abstracts in other languages
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Authors:
Bogdan
Patrut
Abstract:
Des résumés en français
BRAIN. Broad Research in Artificial Intelligence and Neuroscience
CERVEAU. Recherche large en intelligence artificielle et neurosciences
Volume 1, Numéro 4
Juillet 2010: « Automne 2010»
www.brain.edusoft.ro
Sous la direction de: Bogdan Pătruț
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Authors:
Bogdan
Patrut
Abstract:
Összefoglalók magyar nyelven
AGY. Átfogó kutatás a mesterséges intelligencia és Fiziológiájával és biokémiájával
ISSN 2067 – 3957
1. kötet, 4. szám
Október 2010: Åsz 2010
www.brain.edusoft.ro
FÅ‘szerkesztÅ‘: Pătruț Bogdan
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Authors:
Bogdan
Patrut
Abstract:
Resumen en español
BRAIN. Broad Research in Artificial Intelligence and Neuroscience
CEREBRO. Investigación en sentido amplio sobre Inteligencia Artificial y Neurociencia
Volumen 1, Número 4
Octubre 2010: Otoño 2010
www.brain.edusoft.ro
Editor Jefe: Bogdan Patrut
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Authors:
Bogdan
Patrut
Abstract:
Resumos de artigos em Português
BRAIN. Broad Research in Artificial Intelligence and Neuroscience
CÉREBRO. Ampla pesquisa em Inteligência Artificial e Neurociências
ISSN 2067-3957
Volume 1, Número 4
Outubro de 2010, " Outono 2010!"
www.brain.edusoft.ro
Editor - chefe: Bogdan Pătruț
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Authors:
Bogdan
Patrut
Abstract:
Rezumate in limba română
BRAIN. Broad Research in Artificial Intelligence and Neuroscience
CREIER. Cercetări Ample în Inteligență Artificială ÅŸi NeuroÅŸtiințe
ISSN 2067 – 3957
Volumul 1, Numărul 4
Octombrie 2010: „Toamna, 2010”
www.brain.edusoft.ro
Editor ÅŸef: Bogdan Pătruț
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Authors:
Bogdan
Patrut
Abstract:
Riassunti in italiano
BRAIN. Broad Research in Artificial Intelligence and Neuroscience
CERVELLO. Ampia ricerca in Intelligenza Artificiale e Neuroscienze
Volume 1, Numero 4
Ottobre 2010: Autunno, 2010
www.brain.edusoft.ro
Direttore Responsabile: Bogdan Patrut
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Authors:
Bogdan
Patrut
Abstract:
Zusammenfassungen auf Deutsch
BRAIN. Broad Research in Artificial Intelligence and Neuroscience
GEHIRN. Breitenforschung in der Künstlichen Intelligenz und den Neurowissenschaften
ISSN 2067-3957
Band 1, Heft 4
Oktober 2010: “ Herbst, 2010”
www.brain.edusoft.ro
Chefredakteur: Bogdan Pătruț
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