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Articles
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Authors:
Andrei Vlad
Bradeanu
, Alexandru Bogdan
Ciubara
, Stefan Lucian
Burlea
, Anamaria
Ciubara
Abstract:
Age is one of the most important parameters influencing the occurrence of hip fractures in patients over the age of 65 but also their mental state is a decisive factor. In the first three months, older adults have eight times higher risk of dying of a hip fracture if compared with people who have not suffered such type of injury. In the last 10 years, several studies showed considerable increase in the well-being of patients who have both pathologies but for the caregivers it proved to be a very hard task. The management of hospitalization costs of dementia and hip fracture patients cannot include only the period of hospitalization, but should also include the 1-year period of recovery. In UK, the annual incidence of hip fracture is 79,243, accident and emergency costs per hip fracture is 297 pounds and hospitalization costs per hip fracture is 13,765 pounds. Health and social care for hip bone fractures in one year amounts to 2 billion euros but specialists expect the number of hip fractures to increase reaching 104,000 cases by 2025.
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Authors:
Madalina Maria
Diac
, Raluca Corina
Oprea
, Tatiana
Iov
, Simona Irina
Damian
, Anton
Knieling
, Andra Irina
Bulgaru Iliescu
Abstract:
Head injuries are a major health and socio-economic problem. To better protect the head against various crash, sport, or fall events, the underlying mechanisms and tolerances need to be investigated. Many investigations have been conducted using cadaver heads, animal heads, physical head models, and in vitro models throughout the world. These experiments, together with the development of computational techniques, have subsequently led to the development of numerical head models, especially finite element (FE) models, to allow more in-depth biomechanical studies. A large number of FE head models have been developed during the years and authors are trying to find the best solutions for a correct explanation of the lesional mechanisms. The finite element method (FEM) is based on the energy formulation of the mechanics of the structures and on approximation methods. It consists of approximating the actual structure through a model consisting of finite elements interconnected in points called nodes. By nodes, each item is under compatibility and balance conditions with adjacent elements. The present paper is a literature review, underlying some of the finite element models, which allowed a good explanation of the head trauma mechanisms.
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Authors:
Iuliana
Hunea
, Manuela
Ciocoiu
, Nona
Gîrlescu
, Diana
Bulgaru Iliescu
Abstract:
The offense of "ill-treatment of the minor" under Article 197 of the CPC (Civil Procedure Code) has in time been the subject of a non-unitary jurisdictional practice, which in 2009 led to the introduction of an appeal in the interest of the law. The type of offense in this case is impossible to prove without legal medicine and medicine in general because the court could not properly assess the "serious danger", the ill-treatment of the minor being both a criminal offense and a threat of crime. One of the equivalences in their medical practice is the Silverman Syndrome, which we will present along with a case of parental negligence, this time when the solution of acquittal or conviction lies in the conclusions of the forensic report, then in demonstrating the intention or praeterintentia as forms of guilt by perpetrators by the court.
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Authors:
Liliana
Luca
, Stefan Lucian
Burlea
, Ana-Catalina
Chirosca
, Ioana Maria
Marin
, Alexandru Bogdan
Ciubara
, Anamaria
Ciubara
Abstract:
The development of social media and technological devices have led to a series of new events in the spectrum of mental illnesses.
These manifestations are often unnoticeable, but they develop as a symptom of common psychological disorders, classified by worldwide mental health societies. A new pathology is described as "the FOMO Syndrome". This disorder is in the same category as social anxiety, and the obsessive-compulsive component is probably the factor that contributes to the diminishing of the social circle of individuals and their personal autonomy, and also increases the risks of psycho-emotional and psycho-somatic disorders. We intend to present the results of a study conducted on a group of 205 people, aged 21-45, regarding the use of the internet, the purpose being the creation of a clear image of individual particularities, which would be the basis for the implementation of a mental health program at community level.
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Authors:
Grazia Maria Giovanna
Pastorino
, Francesca Felicia
Operto
, Giangennaro
Coppola
Abstract:
Psychiatric comorbidities are more frequent in ASD population if compared to neurotypical development peers. Several studies reported that nearly three-quarters of children and adolescents with ASD also have another psychiatric condition that contributes to worsen their clinical condition and has a negative impact on the quality of life of the entire family. The treatment of ASD symptoms and comorbidities is based on a multimodal approach of behavioural, educational and pharmacological treatments. Pharmacotherapy is employed when other therapies are unable to control the symptoms and are often useful to increase the patient's compliance with other psychoeducational treatments. About 50% - 60% of children with ASD undergo drug therapy to reduce behaviour problems and comorbidities, and polypharmacy is common in about 30%-40%. The use of drug therapy increases with age and antipsychotics, psychostimulants and antidepressants are among the most widely used drugs. Despite the high frequency of psychotropic medication in this population, there is scarce evidence in the literature, supported by studies often limited by a low sample size, a heterogeneous population and without a control group. Large RCT on more commonly prescribed psychotropic drugs in ASD children are needed for a better evaluation of risks and benefits in ASD pediatric patients.
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Authors:
Dan Gabriel
Simbotin
Abstract:
Self-image synthesizes the external and internal cumulative factors where memory, affective context, awareness and the reinterpretation of facts / phenomena play a fundamental role. Within daily activities following the cognitive processing of information, there is a distance between immediate events and realities, their awareness and self-image. Depending on the context this may be less or higher, each situation generating adaptive effects that can gradually turn into psychic issues that require a psychologist or psychiatrist intervention. In this paper we will describe the way in which the self-image is built up from the phenomenological and the new theories of the imaginary perspective and we will make a critical analysis of the inappropriate use of the correlated language of the phenomenon. Later we will explain how conscientious cleavages may occur, highlight the levels of proceedings of psycho-social intervention.
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Authors:
Dragos F.
Voicu
, Lucretia
Anghel
, Liliana
Baroiu
, Dorina
Stan
Abstract:
Introduction. Hepatic encephalopathy comprises a broad spectrum of neuropsychiatric manifestations, commonly encountered in patients with hepatic dysfunction, in the absence of other concomitant causes of cerebral infarction. Under these conditions, varying degrees of consciousness, neuromuscular dysfunction, cognitive, behavioral and emotional deficits coexist. Minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE) is defined by a normal neurological clinical examination but with cognitive deficits that can be highlighted by neuropsychological testing.
Material and Methods. A retrospective study was conducted on the latest 100 patients (2016-2018), traumatized in road accidents or dropping from their own level, the direct causes of which were apparently inexplicable. The methods included psychometric tests.
Results and Discussion. If 78 patients were known with hepatic cirrhosis and episodically manifested encephalopathy, 20 of them were in treatment for major liver dysfunction, but without encephalopathy, and for 2 patients, the revealing element of hepatic suffering was latent encephalopathy, diagnosed after the road accident. The paper discusses the pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy, diagnostic difficulties and its practical implications.
Conclusions. The current gold standard for MHE diagnosis is psychometric testing, which should be completed and revised as MHE is a major public health issue, associating with the risk of unprovoked falls and road accidents. MHE detection, sometimes as the first sign of decompensation of an ignored liver disease, but always as a prodrome of clinically manifest encephalopathy, requires specialized treatment and monitoring.
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Authors:
Dragos F.
Voicu
, Alexandru Bogdan
Ciubara
, Dorina
Stan
, Anamaria
Ciubara
Abstract:
Background. Alcoholism is a public health problem. Chronic ethanol consumption determines physiological and morphological changes, reflected by an abnormal response to regular medication and nutrients, with consequences on the efficiency of anesthesia and the surgical act.
Material and methods. A retrospective study was conducted on the latest 1750 cases (2016-2018), hospitalized and operated, in which the preoperative identification of alcohol abuse was made by dosing biochemical markers (gamma-glutamyl transferase, poor carbohydrate transferrin and medium erythrocytic corpuscular volume), by standard questionnaires and, of course, by preanesthetic exam.
Results and discussions. The study showed a rate of 8% (140 cases) of alcohol abuse among these surgical patients. The paper reviews the somatic complications of alcoholism: neurological, gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, metabolic, hematological, immunological and hormonal, and discusses the effectiveness of the study method.
Conclusions. It is proposed to implement a preoperative identification protocol for patients with alcoholism to prevent postoperative withdrawal.
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