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Society's Answer to Pandemic
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Authors:
Mustafa
Ababneh
, Aayat
Aljarrah
, Damla
Karagozlu
Abstract:
The big rise in the existence of digital data contributed to creating many good chances, especially related to corporations, institutions and firms. Also, it gives the capability to scrimp data regarding its major or area, where the countries have benefited from the analysis of big data (BD) greatly in the face of epidemics and diseases, especially COVID-19 since BD is now available everywhere around us, from official reports and scientific studies related to virology and epidemiology. The general aim of this study is to clarify how the conjunction among both BD and machine learning (ML) created huge differences in data science and a big influence on the applications related to a lot of fields chiefly in COVID-19. The method which is used in this study "˜relevance tree' by identifying papers related to ML and BD, especially in COVID-19. The results have been shown that the use of reinforcement learning in analyzing BD provides effective and tremendous results, although it faces many challenges and restrictions that have been explained in detail in this study. In addition, the results showed that most of the countries in the time of Corona turned into smart cities, totally dependent on smart applications based on the analysis of BD using ML, and one of the most important applications that were circulated around the world global positioning system. In addition to the results that have been found, data privacy is one of the most important challenges facing data analysis. Consequently, it recommended future researchers to focus on studying the challenges faced by ML in analyzing medical data in the COVID-19 era.
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Authors:
Victor
Alexandru Briciu
, Arabela
Briciu
Abstract:
The objective of this short communication is suggested by the labour market that has become very unpredictable and it is difficult to say what it will look like in five, 10 years or even more. New jobs appear, while others disappear. And all this is happening against a background in which Artificial Intelligence (AI) plays an increasingly important role and it would be very difficult for us to imagine our lives without it, especially since robots save lives today. Technology has become a necessity, many jobs have changed due to robotics, and we must evolve and adapt with it, even though the new rules that came with the onset of restrictions and mutations in the labour market due to the new coronavirus pandemic that spread worldwide. The main idea reflects the possibilities reflected by the Singularity Hypothesis, as new intelligent technologies may alter our human lives and eliminate some jobs, change others and create completely new job categories, but as long as we know the opportunities are there for us, we need to be proactive by providing the skills for the future.
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Authors:
Denys
Aleksandrov
, Ivan
Okhrimenko
Abstract:
The work analyzes the individual psychological factors that determine the risks of the neurotization of adolescents under the conditions of quarantine measures during the COVID-19 epidemic in order to improve psychoprophylactic correctional programs. Applying the neuroticism questionnaire by A. Kokoshkarova and Multifactor questionnaire by R. Cattell, an empirical examination of 152 adolescents between the ages of 15 and 17 showed that quarantine measures under pandemic conditions increase the risk of neurotic disorders of adolescents owing to a very similar constellation of changes in such individual psychological factors as forced isolation, emotional instability because of exhausting tension, anxiety and worry emerging from timidity. Hence, preventive and rehabilitative measures, aimed at reducing the risks of adolescents neurotization after the quarantine period in the face of an epidemiological threat should be focused primarily on increasing communication openness, emotional stability, social courage, self-confidence reducing anxiety and tension.
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Authors:
Slavka
Demuthova
, Andrej
Demuth
Abstract:
Psychologists, psychiatrists, doctors, and other associated professions, as well as the public from all over Europe have noticed the negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health. In this regard, adolescents appear to be a highly vulnerable group, which is more affected than adults and children in many aspects. This study focuses on a specific and extremely maladaptive way of coping with mental stress and problems — deliberate self-harm. It offers an epidemiological study of the prevalence of self-harm among Slovak youths, its forms and related variables, carried out on a sample of 2,280 adolescents aged 11 — 19 using the SHI questionnaire. The results reveal that within the overall prevalence of 45.2%, the most vulnerable group are girls from non-traditional families who began to self-harm at an early age. The most frequent forms of self-harm among adolescents were torturing with self-defeating thoughts, followed by both direct and indirect forms of physical self-harm. An analysis of the willingness to disclose self-harming behaviour shows that the need to raise awareness of this behaviour should be mostly oriented towards adolescents.
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Authors:
Svitlana
Hanaba
, Olha
Mysechko
, Ihor
Bloshchynskyi
Abstract:
Modern technical innovations are marked by an extremely powerful symbiosis with scientific achievements. Today, there are a number of technologies that can reproduce human thinking and such skills as understanding complex information, drawing independent conclusions, and the ability to engage in meaningful and coherent dialogue. They testify to the possibility of innovative achievements in neuroscience to individually assess the level of concentration and perseverance of students, pace, best time to learn, etc. The robots are not able to inspire despite their computing power, simplicity of interface and ability to store information. They lack empathic abilities. They do not fully promote the realization of social skills. The global pandemic has actualized and intensified the introduction of artificial intelligence in the practice of education. Researchers have expressed a number of concerns that artificial intelligence in exchange for the rapid acquisition and effective use of a variety of information by a person will help to do levelling of the spiritual and emotional sphere of a person, i.e. "human nature in a human being."
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Authors:
Olena
Yevdokimova
, Ivan
Okhrimenko
Abstract:
The article analyzes the specifics of coping strategies for overcoming stress used by people who perceive the atypical situations of forced isolation, including the COVID-19 pandemic, in a different way. An empirical study conducted with the use of corresponding psychodiagnostic techniques (Extended Life orientation test; SACS) found that people who are optimistic about restrictions and atypical life situations are prone to use assertive actions and enter into social contacts. Whereas people who are pessimistic about the future have a less pronounced tendency to seek social support. The study confirmed that proactive coping in atypical life situations (including forced isolation) is associated with the relevant individual psychological characteristics, which are important for motivating social activities. Such personality expressions can contribute to the implementation of proactive coping and they are key factors in the pre-actional phase of goal-setting because proactive people focus not on the obstacles, but on solving problems. It is also suggested that proactive instructions can be a resource that enhances an individual's desire for a higher standard of living.
Neuroscience
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Authors:
Yuliya
Zhurat
, Larysa
Lipshyts
, Mariia
Soter
, Larisa
Chumak
, Halyna
Tarasenko
, Oksana
Valchuk-Orkusha
, Iryna
Melnyk
Abstract:
Future primary school teachers can feel their subjectivity and dive into the culture of learning activity as a basis for developing the main features of learning and professional subjectivity starting from the first classes in higher pedagogical educational institutions. The paper aims to scientifically and theoretically justify and experimentally verify some pedagogical conditions and methodologies for developing professional subjectivity in future primary school teachers, taking into account a neuropedagogical approach. Also, it substantiates the main pedagogical condition, that is, professional training should imply mastering the psychological structure of pedagogical activity in primary school and cultivating creative personality as the subject of this activity. It requires full compliance with certain pedagogical conditions. The latter should comply with neurophysiological characteristics of the participants in the educational process. The paper proves the effectiveness of these pedagogical conditions based on the questionnaire aimed at determining the effectiveness criteria for professional self-determination in higher education institutions, the diagnostic-related professional readiness methodology, the motivation towards higher education study methodology, the diagnostic of the structure of work motives methodology. The paper experimentally proves that their educational subjectivity is a manifestation of one's capacity for subjective self-transformation in the learning activity, and pedagogical subjectivity represents the final stage of professional training and completion of pedagogical education, which acts as both synthesis and transformation of many invariant and variant subjective personality traits of students in the professionally important quality of the teacher, among which professional subjectivity is an integral one. EG respondents have shown better results in terms of levels of subjective qualities than CG respondents.
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Authors:
Alexandru
Gabriel Cioiu
Abstract:
New discoveries in the fields of genetics and neurobiology from the last decades have offered scientists more understanding regarding the way in which our biology can influence our behavior and have made more appealing the idea of moral neuroenhancement (or bioenhancement), but one of the main objections to this way of enhancing moral motivation is a hypothetical threat to freedom. Critics argue that our freedom would be in jeopardy if we allowed interventions at our genetical level to predispose us to a certain kind of behaviour, even if that behaviour would be moral. My paper wishes to explore the relation between freedom and moral neuroenhancement in order to see if there really is an incompatibility between these 2 concepts and if freedom is indeed undermined by moral neuroenhancement. I will argue for the idea that not only does moral neuroenhancement not imperil our freedom, but that freedom itself could be enhanced with the aid of biomedical techniques, so that the enhanced individual could have more options at his disposal and make better use of his freedom. If moral neuroenhancement can lead to a moral life by improving moral character and predisposing the individual towards being more virtuous, while also improving our freedom and autonomy, then we have strong reasons to enhance our moral behaviour with the aid of neurotechnology. In this paper I will try argue for the idea that this is the case and that the bioconservative objection against moral neuroenhancement regarding the fact that it might undermine our freedom is vastly exaggerated and unjustified.
Computer Science
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Authors:
Mihaela
Cazacu
, Emilia
Titan
Abstract:
The growth of available data in the social sciences led to numerous knowledge discovery projects being launched over the years. Even if the volume and the speed of data are increasing, in social sciences data has an important limitation in terms of methodological process that drives the conceptual and analytical questions posed to the data. Social sciences domain experiences several challenges in their desire of extracting useful and implicit knowledge due to its inherent complexity and unique characteristics, as well as the lack of standards for data mining projects. The aim of this research is to bring Cross-Industry Standard Process for Data Mining (CRISP-DM) methodology as a standardization in analyzing large volumes of unstructured data to generate analytical insights for wellbeing and social sciences topics in general. Also, taking into consideration that for a data scientist, the most time-consuming activity is data preparation step, we are trying to make more efficient this process using a clear methodology and tasks. Conclusion is that using a strong methodology with well-defined steps in research can increase productivity in terms of time and enhance the quality of the research.
Psychology
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Authors:
Oksana
Liashch
, Artem
Boichenko
, Lyudmyla
Matsuk
, Elena
Gomonyuk
, Nelli
Tarasenko
, Iryna
Demchenko
, Vitaliy
Dmitruk
, Iryna
Denysovets
, Inna
Zarishniak
, Olena
Hrechanovska
, Nataliia
Terentieva
Abstract:
Life activities of students from higher education institutions are largely influenced by certain adverse factors (social, psychological, environmental ones), which in turn negatively affect their physical and mental health and cause particular behavioural deviations such as aggression. The research aims to theoretically justify, develop and experimentally verify the programme on prevention of aggressive behaviours in athletes due to cultivating their humanistic values and capacity for self-actualization. The research sample of the formative experiment comprised 177 athletes (92 respondents in the experimental group and 85 respondents in the control group). The research assumes that, if well-developed, humanistic values of individual self-actualization (developing one's positive attitude towards the surrounding people, ability to understand them, accept oneself and others and reality, striving for new knowledge, identifying oneself in this world, setting goals) can be considered as a means of prevention of aggressive behaviours in students; the process of developing athletes' capacity for self-actualization as a means of psychological prevention of aggressive behaviours is determined by an appropriate organization of activities performed by students, their parents, psychologists, teachers based on personality-oriented and humanistic approaches. The level of self-actualization was based on E. Shostrom's test and the self-actualization scale by A. Jones and R. Crandall; the level of aggression was identified based on the Buss-Durkee Hostility Inventory. The accuracy of changes in the groups was verified using the Mann-Whitney U Test. Results. A quantitative interpretation of the results obtained from the formative experiment proves that the arithmetic mean of self-actualization parameters in respondents in the experimental group has increased significantly (by 22%), whereas they have remained almost unchanged in the control group. Concerning the arithmetic mean of parameters of aggressive behaviours in athletes, they have decreased significantly (by 18%) in the experimental group. This is because athletes' capacity for self-actualization has been developed without direct influence on their aggressive behaviours. Conclusions. In comparison with their peers in the control group, athletes in the experimental group have significantly improved their conflict management skills as a result of developing a more positive attitude towards others, as well as behavioural flexibility, communication skills and capacity for self-development.
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Authors:
Myroslav
Kryshtanovych
, Tetiana
Kotyk
, Tamara
Tiurina
, Dora
Kovrei
, Halyna
Dzhanda
Abstract:
Preserving health is one of the most difficult problems that requires consideration and solution at all levels of the study of human life, both in the context of psychological, analytical and pedagogical. Today, a strategy for improving and promoting health is considered a medical problem and boils down to treating patients only. Unfortunately, measures that can positively affect people's health: disease prevention, promotion of a healthy lifestyle, and attitudes toward "healthy" behaviour are clearly not popularized today. In solving the task of health conservation, it is important to apply the efforts of the whole society and the responsible attitude of each person to personal health and to the health of the people around her.
Today, there is a close relationship between education and health, as the level of education to a large extent determines the level of literacy on health issues. The cultivation of the value of health, the desire to preserve and strengthen it, acts as a pedagogical problem. Higher education institutions are an ideal place to promote a healthy future and support the development of their own health-oriented lifestyle. For the formation of this paradigm in the student mind, an important element is the recognition of the importance of the psychological aspect of this issue, as well as the proper use of elements of cognitive psychology in this process.
The presented study will enable representatives of higher educational institutions, as well as interested persons in maintaining the health of future specialists of various industries, to quickly and efficiently introduce the principles of a value-based attitude to their own health into their own educational process.
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Authors:
Kateryna
Mannapova
, Ivan
Okhrimenko
, Iuliia
Tverdokhvalova
, Svitlana
Bychkova
, Pavlo
Makarenko
, Viktoriia
Melnychuk
Abstract:
The paper reflects the content and forms of the sexual abuse of children and the features of incestuous abuse. It analyzes the impact of sexual abuse on a child's life, including the immediate and long-term consequences of sexual violence. The paper determines the peculiarities of psychological assistance to sexually abused children, the goals of psychological support, the tasks and forms of conducting a psychological session with a child. The aim of the study is to identify the impact of psychological assistance on the dynamics and changes in the personal characteristics of sexually abused children. The empirical basis of the study consisted of 64 people (9 boys and 55 girls between the ages of 6 and 15) who had been sexually abused and received psychological assistance. The experimental study was conducted during 2019 and covered the results of observations, interviews with children who were the victims of violence, collecting formalized data using three multifactorial psychodiagnostic techniques. It was proved that psychotherapeutic work with this category of children contributes to changes in the emotional, cognitive, and behavioral spheres of personality. There were positive changes in mental states, gradual changes in the attitudes towards their body and assessment of their physicality, the development of sexuality, a correct idea of the body was formed, etc. The methodical complex used in the research confirmed its validity and it can be used as a psychological tool for diagnosing the mental trauma of abused children.
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Authors:
Ivan
Okhrimenko
, Nina
Lyhun
Abstract:
The paper analyzes factors of quarantine measures influencing an individual during the COVID-19 epidemic. It mentions that during the quarantine, it should be considered that some individuals are especially vulnerable in crisis situations and they may need additional psychological assistance. The work presents a set of tools, recommended for specialists providing remote psychological assistance to prevent and overcome stress. Preventive and rehabilitation measures (counseling methods; the change in strategies and patterns of behavior; the involvement of rational psychodiagnostic and self-regulation techniques, etc.) are aimed at reducing the risks of stress and its impact on the individual during quarantine under threat of the COVID-19 epidemic. They should result in an increase in communicative openness, emotional stability, social courage, self-confidence, etc.
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Authors:
Nadiia
Kalashnyk
, Oleksandra
Khudoba
Abstract:
The research shapes sharp issues as to changes in healthcare system of preserving mental health of people in the context of the COVID-19 Pandemic and the quarantine period. The article analyzes the reasons that determined the world community to study actively psychological, mental and psychological-social consequences as to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on a person and society in general. Special attention in the article is payed to the peculiarities of maintaining and saving psychological health of public healthcare workers in conditions of chronic fatigue, overwork and situations of ongoing stress. Based on the existing strategies` analysis and through the prism of the COVID-19 determinants, the main directions of changes in the public healthcare system as to preserving mental health of people in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic and during the period of quarantine are proposed.
Varia
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Authors:
Yan
Utosov
, Olena
Utosova
, Lidiia
Drozd
, Nataliia
Vasylieva
, Oksana
Lavrykova
, Nataliia
Butenko
Abstract:
The formation and development of social competence of adolescents with intellectual disabilities is a priority of special educational institutions, because it is the key to successful socialization of these students. The main goal is to reveal the psychological and pedagogical conditions for the formation of social competence of adolescents with intellectual disabilities through their engagement into the extracurricular activities. The method involves considering the capabilities of each teenager in extracurricular activities at any age. Extracurricular activities that are based on each individual case of every student are used to form specific competencies that are especially important for him at the next level of learning and socialization. The experiment involved 114 adolescents aged 12-16 years studying in special educational institutions. Based on the components of social competence, the following methods were selected and diagnostics were performed: projective technique "Incomplete Sentences", projective drawing "My Friends", observation, exploratory technique "My Orientations", exploratory technique "Nonverbal characteristics of communication", observation, Saul Rosenzweig test, exploratory technique "An Island", projective technique "Joint Drawing", drama game "The Turnip", exploratory technique "Assess the Behavior", a discussion based on short stories "The Hero's Character and His Actions". The number of adolescents with intellectual disabilities who have cognitive-related competencies has increased significantly (t=5,01; p=0,001); ; competencies of motivational and value sphere (t=4,7; p=0,01). Increased was the number of adolescents who adequately assess themselves and their abilities and capabilities (33, 85%), use socially acceptable behavior and understand moral norms (39, 47%). The level of control over students' own actions has significantly increased, as well as their ability to evaluate their own actions and self-reflect (t = 5.3; p = 0.05). The diagnostic results obtained after the introduction of the method testified to the effectiveness of its use for adolescents with intellectual disabilities in the conditions of special educational institutions.
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Authors:
Maya
Dimitrova
, Snezhana
Kostova
, Anna
Lekova
, Eleni
Vrochidou
, Ivan
Chavdarov
, Aleksandar
Krastev
, Rositza
Botsova
, Anna
Andreeva
, Vaska
Stancheva-Popkostadinova
, Leire
Ozaeta
Abstract:
The paper presents a linear control system framework for design of technology-based games for pedagogical rehabilitation of children with special learning needs as a central component of the proposed cyber-physical system for inclusive education. The novelty is in explicitly addressing the issue of quantitatively estimating the improvement of games in the desired direction during the design process. An advantage of the proposed approach is its applicability to small groups of children playing diverse sets of games without loss of generalisability of the linear system's model assumptions. Statistically justified experimental results are reported as providing support to the main hypotheses of the present study.
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